Smart Parking System for Cars

Abstract

This research focusses on an effective method of discovering empty spots and regulating the number of vehicles going in and out of complicated multi parking facilities by recognizing a vehicle with IR sensors and delivering feedback. The completely automated smart parking system for car is simple and does not require expensive equipment. It is a basic circuit designed specifically for its intended purpose. This automated technology is used to locate available parking places and direct the motorist to the desired space utilizing visuals and an efficient approach, hence decreasing hunt time. This smart parking system for car combines four infrared sensors, a 16x2 LCD display, and a cell phone to convey the availability of parking places. The smart parking system efficiently manages vehicle parking by monitoring parking slot availability and regulating gate access as necessary. Based on how the system works, when Parking Slots 1 through 4 are free, the Gate remains open, allowing vehicles to access. When Parking Slots 1 through 4 are full, the gate closes, prohibiting further admission until a slot becomes available. Information about available parking spaces is sent to the mobile device by the system. This system is vital for retail malls and commercial complexes, airports and railway stations, hospitals, corporate offices, universities and colleges, event venues and stadiums.

Introduction

I. Introduction

In modern cities, finding a parking spot is increasingly difficult due to urbanization, rising vehicle density, and inefficient parking systems. This leads to traffic congestion, fuel wastage, and driver frustration.

To solve this, a Smart Car Parking System is proposed that automates the monitoring and management of parking slot availability using:

• IR sensors to detect vehicles in slots,

• A 16x2 LCD display to show real-time slot availability at the entry point,

• A mobile interface to allow users to check availability remotely.

The system guides drivers to available slots and reduces the need for aimless searching, improving convenience, traffic flow, and fuel efficiency.

II. Literature Survey

A range of IoT and sensor-based smart parking systems have been developed:

• Thakare Vivekanand proposed a layered IoT-based parking structure (sensor, networking, middleware, application) with reservation features.

• Anusha et al. introduced an Arduino-based solution with a mobile app for real-time slot status and reservation, aiming to reduce fuel and pollution.

• Abdelrahman Osman Elfaki et al. presented an AI-based parking system using motion and range sensors, plus number plate recognition.

• S. Hanumanthakari designed a real-time system using Android/web apps to locate parking slots easily.

• Suraj Kumar et al. analyzed smart parking solutions and proposed renting unused residential parking spaces and enabling pre-booking to save time.

These studies demonstrate various technological approaches to tackle the parking challenge through automation, smart sensing, and user-friendly interfaces.

III. Methodology

System Overview:
The Smart Parking System comprises:

• IR Sensors (4 total): Detect car presence in each slot.

• Microcontroller: Processes sensor data and controls outputs.

• LCD Display (16x2): Shows real-time slot status.

• Mobile Interface: Allows users to check availability remotely.

• Power Supply System: Provides necessary voltage for components.

Working Principle:
IR sensors detect reflected light when a vehicle is present, changing voltage levels. This data is processed to determine slot occupancy and display it. Continuous IR emission ensures real-time feedback.

Data Collection & Testing:

• Real-time data on slot occupancy is collected and processed.

• System is tested under realistic conditions to validate accuracy and reliability.

• Challenges (like sensor misreadings or IR interference) are addressed through testing and refinement.

IV. Results

The system was tested with various vehicle parking combinations. Sample outcomes:

• Slot 2 full, others free → Gate open

• Slots 2 & 4 full, others free → Gate open

• Slots 2, 3, 4 full, slot 1 free → Gate open

• All 4 slots full → Gate closed

Conclusion

The smart parking system for car efficiently handles the frequent issues of wasted time and traffic congestion caused by improper parking management. The system provides real-time monitoring and quick updates on parking space availability using four infrared sensors, a 16x2 LCD display, and mobile phone connectivity. This not only improves customer convenience, but it also helps to improve traffic flow and minimize fuel use. The design is adaptable and may be varied depending on the area available.Based on free and full slots of parking area the system is displayed indicating the count of parking spaces available. The Smart Parking System efficiently manages vehicle parking by monitoring parking slot availability and controlling gate access as needed. Based on the system\'s functionality, while Parking Slots 1–4 are free, the Gate remains open, allowing vehicles to access. When Parking Slots 1–4 are full, the gate closes, prohibiting further admission until a slot becomes available. Information about available parking spaces is sent to the mobile device by the system. The concept is scalable, low-cost, and suitable for integration with smart city infrastructure, making it a viable answer to modern urban parking difficulties.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Avinash Harale, Rohan Irkar, Om Jadhav, Parth Benare. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.