Smart Road Safety and Emergency Response System

Abstract

This research paper explores the development of a compact and automated Vehicle Accident Alert System to enhance road safety and emergency response. Centered on the Arduino Nano platform, the system integrates the ADXL335 accelerometer sensor, GPS Neo-6M module, and SIM800L GSM unit. By continuously monitoring acceleration across three axes, the system uses proportional threshold logic to distinguish between regular vehicle movements and sudden forceful impacts, which typically indicate an accident. Upon exceeding the defined threshold value, the device immediately registers the event as a probable accident, ensuring quick and reliable detection while minimizing false positives. Following accident detection, the GPS Neo-6M initiates a real-time location scan, acquiring accurate vehicle coordinates within seconds. These coordinates are then efficiently embedded in an automated SMS alert triggered by the SIM800L GSM module. The message, structured with proportional urgency, is sent to several pre-configured emergency contacts, greatly increasing the chances of rapid assistance. An on-board buzzer provides instant feedback to passengers and bystanders, while a manual reset button offers user control, preventing repeated or unnecessary alerts. Through proportional integration of hardware and algorithms, the system achieves a balanced combination of affordability, portability, and reliability. Benchmarked tests have confirmed high accuracy in accident detection, successful transmission of alert messages, and swift response times. The scalable design permits easy installation in various vehicle types, making this solution beneficial especially for highways, remote regions, and urban zones where enhanced emergency reporting is essential. This project demonstrates the potential of embedded systems in addressing real-world safety challenges through proportional decision-making and multi-sensor communication.

Introduction

The Vehicle Accident Alert System is a sensor-driven, real-time solution designed to detect collisions and instantly notify emergency contacts. Using the ADXL335 accelerometer, the system distinguishes significant collision impacts from normal vehicle vibrations through threshold-based detection. Upon detecting an accident, the GPS Neo-6M module provides precise location coordinates, and the SIM800L GSM module sends SMS alerts to emergency contacts. The Arduino Nano microcontroller coordinates these components, while a buzzer and manual reset button provide local alerts and user control.

Testing demonstrated high accuracy in impact detection, rapid notification delivery, minimal false alarms, low power consumption, and adaptability across vehicle types. The system offers a cost-effective, scalable, and reliable approach to enhancing vehicle safety and improving emergency response times.

Conclusion

The proposed assembly promises robust, scalable vehicular accident monitoring with rapid emergency notification, setting a new standard for affordable, deployable safety systems in automotive environments. Prospective improvements include integrating additional biometric sensors and cloud-based analytics for enhanced utility.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Nikhil Ahirwar, Ajay Ahirwar, Govind Singh, Shivkumar Prajapati, Prof. Anoop Tiwari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.