Solar Based Wireless Energy Transfer on Road

Abstract

The rapid transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased the demand for efficient and user-friendly charging solutions. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology offers a promising alternative to conventional plug-in charging by enabling contactless energy transfer through inductive coupling. In this system, the EV can be charged simply by positioning it over a charging pad, eliminating the need for physical connectors and human intervention. The concept of wireless power transmission, originally proposed by Nikola Tesla, has evolved significantly with advancements in magnetic resonance–based WPT. Modern WPT systems can achieve high power transfer efficiency (above 90%) over distances ranging from several millimetres to a few hundred millimetres, making them suitable for both stationary And dynamic EV charging applications. This paper presents an overview of WPT technologies applicable to EV charging and highlights their potential to reduce charging time, enhance safety, and improve user convenience. Wireless EV charging is expected to play a crucial role in the future development and widespread adoption of electric mobility.

Introduction

The text describes a solar-powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) that uses inductive coupling technology to eliminate the need for traditional plug-in charging.

It begins by explaining the limitations of conventional wired charging, such as clutter, limited charging ports, and inconvenience for multiple EVs. As EV usage increases, there is a growing need for a cleaner and more efficient charging method. The proposed solution is wireless power transfer (WPT) using transmitting and receiving coils, allowing EVs to charge without cables. The system supports both stationary (static) and moving (dynamic) charging.

The literature review shows that:

• Coil design (turns, diameter, and frequency) directly affects power transfer efficiency
• Wireless charging is safer and convenient but mostly limited to stationary vehicles
• IoT integration can improve monitoring, scheduling, and smart parking management
• Efficiency is affected by coil alignment, distance, and system design limitations

The problem statement highlights key challenges in EV charging, including long charging times, limited infrastructure, dependency on grid electricity, and inefficiencies in dynamic wireless charging such as misalignment, low efficiency, and high cost. It also emphasizes the need to integrate solar energy with roadway-based wireless charging systems to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy.

The project scope focuses on developing a prototype-level solar-powered inductive charging system, where:

• Solar panels generate electricity
• Energy is stored and regulated
• Road-embedded transmitter coils transfer power wirelessly
• Vehicle-mounted receiver coils collect and use the energy

The system mainly demonstrates short-range charging, coil design analysis, efficiency testing, and feasibility of solar-integrated EV charging infrastructure. However, it does not include large-scale deployment or full commercial implementation.

The methodology begins with solar energy generation, where solar panels produce DC power that is regulated for stable use in the wireless charging system.

Conclusion

The proposed solar-based wireless energy transfer system for electric vehicles demonstrates an innovative and sustainable approach to EV charging. The system utilizes solar energy as a renewable power source and transfers electrical energy wirelessly through inductive coupling between transmitter and receiver coils. This method eliminates the need for physical cables and improves user convenience and safety. The experimental prototype confirms that wireless power transfer is feasible for short- distance charging applications. The integration of solar panels with wireless charging infrastructure helps reduce dependency on conventional grid power and promotes the use of clean energy in transportation systems. Although the system currently operates at a prototype level with limited power transfer distance and efficiency, it shows strong potential for future development. With further improvements in coil design, power electronics, and alignment techniques, the efficiency and performance of the system can be enhanced. Therefore, the solar-based wireless energy transfer on road concept can play an important role in the development of smart transportation infrastructure, enabling efficient, eco-friendly, and convenient charging solutions for the growing number of electric vehicles.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 K. Kathiravan, Bittu Kumar, Atish Lingayat, Suchyt Velkar, Ashwini Khade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.