Solar Powered Autonomous Multipurpose Agricultural Robot Using Bluetooth/Android App

Abstract

This review paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-powered autonomous multipurpose agricultural robot that can be controlled via Bluetooth or an Android app. The primary objective is to create an efficient and environmentally friendly robotic solution for modern agriculture, capable of performing a variety of tasks such as planting, irrigation, and crop monitoring. The robot is powered by a solar energy system, ensuring sustainability and reducing dependency on external power sources. It is equipped with various sensors for navigation, obstacle detection, and environmental monitoring. The Bluetooth and Android app integration allows for remote control and monitoring, providing users with a seamless and user-friendly interface. Autonomous operation is achieved through advanced algorithms for task scheduling, navigation, and system control. This project highlights the potential of combining renewable energy sources with smart agricultural technologies to improve farming practices, reduce labor costs, and contribute to sustainable agriculture. The development of a solar-powered autonomous multipurpose agricultural robot, designed to perform various farming tasks efficiently and sustainably. The robot is powered by a solar energy system, reducing the reliance on conventional energy sources and contributing to environmentally friendly farming practices. The core functionality of the robot includes tasks such as soil preparation, irrigation, seeding, crop monitoring, and weed detection, all of which are essential for precision agriculture. The system utilizes an advanced autonomous control algorithm to navigate the agricultural field, using a combination of sensors for obstacle detection, terrain analysis, and positioning. The robot’s mobility is enabled through a robust drivetrain, which ensures stability across various field conditions. A Bluetooth module integrated with an Android app provides a user-friendly interface for real-time control and monitoring, allowing the user to track the robot\'s performance, adjust its operations, and receive sensor data remotely

Introduction

Objective:

This project introduces an innovative, solar-powered autonomous agricultural robot designed to automate essential farming tasks like seed sowing, irrigation, and crop monitoring, controlled via Bluetooth and an Android app. The robot aims to enhance farming precision, reduce labor dependency, and support sustainable agricultural practices in the face of global food demand and climate challenges.

Key Features:

1. Autonomous Operation & Navigation:

• Uses GPS and sensor fusion for precise navigation.

• Automates seed depth control and plant spacing, enhancing yield.

• Equipped with LiDAR and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and avoidance.

2. Sensor Integration for Smart Farming:

• Soil sensors (moisture, pH, temperature) provide real-time field data.

• Environmental sensors and camera systems support monitoring of climate conditions and crop health.

• Supports early detection of pests and diseases, minimizing chemical usage.

3. Solar Energy System:

• Powered by photovoltaic panels with a rechargeable battery for energy storage.

• Enables off-grid, energy-efficient operation for extended periods.

4. Precision Agriculture Algorithms:

• Implements machine learning-based algorithms for:

  • Automated irrigation based on soil moisture.

  • Precise seed placement based on field mapping and soil data.

5. Bluetooth & Android App Control:

• Provides real-time robot status, including location, sensor readings, and battery life.

• Allows remote task scheduling, route mapping, and manual override through a user-friendly mobile interface.

Literature Review Insights:

• Previous works explored solar-powered robots for seed sowing, irrigation, and Bluetooth-based control.

• Most research focused on manual or semi-autonomous robots, with limited integration of sensor intelligence and full autonomy.

• This project advances the field by combining renewable energy, AI-driven automation, and mobile control, addressing both sustainability and scalability.

Research Methodology:

• System design focuses on integrating solar power, sensors, and mobility systems.

• Modular architecture supports seed sowing, irrigation, and monitoring.

• Emphasis on energy efficiency, robust hardware, and sensor-driven decision-making.

Results & Discussion:

• Navigation: High accuracy in field traversal and task execution.

• Energy Efficiency: Consistent power from solar panels allowed long-duration autonomous operations.

• Crop Monitoring: Reliable soil data collection enabled resource optimization (e.g., reduced water use).

• Precision Sowing: Seeds were placed accurately in terms of depth and spacing, promoting uniform crop growth.

• User Interface: Android app offered stable Bluetooth connectivity, intuitive controls, and real-time updates, enhancing user experience.

Conclusion

The solar-powered agricultural robot marks a significant leap in precision farming and automation, offering an eco-friendly solution by utilizing solar energy for operations. Its wireless control via an Android app enables efficient management of tasks like seed sowing, grass cutting, and water spraying. The integration of DC motors, a motor driver, and a mini pump ensures robust performance across various agricultural tasks. Bluetooth connectivity and a user-friendly mobile interface enhance operational control and user experience. The robot’s energy-efficient design, powered by a solar panel and rechargeable battery, minimizes dependency on external power sources, promoting sustainability and reducing labor costs. This innovative system enhances agricultural productivity, making it a valuable tool for both small and large-scale farming. By combining automation, renewable energy, and intuitive control, the robot exemplifies the future of farming.

References

Books and Articles: [1] \"Smart Farming: Emerging Technologies and Innovations\" by G. S. Chhabra and M. K. Singh [2] \"Modern Robotics and Automation in Agriculture\" by S. M. P. V. R. K. Reddy and R. R. N. Prasad [3] Williams, L. (2021). Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Guide to Modern Farming Solutions. Greenfield Publishers. [Book] Research Papers: [1] IEEE Access: \"Design of Solar-Powered Agricultural Robot with Wireless Control\" Link: IEEE Xplore - Solar-Powered Agricultural Robots [2] IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters: \"Development of an Autonomous Agricultural Robot Controlled via Bluetooth for Smart Farming\" Link: IEEE Xplore - Autonomous Agricultural Robots [3] IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics: \"Energy-Efficient Design and Control of Agricultural Robots for Precision Farming\" Link: IEEE Transactions - Energy-Efficient Agricultural Systems Websites and Online Resources: [1] Robotics India – https://roboticsindia.com [2] Solar Energy Society of India (SESI) – https://www.sesi. [3] Singh, R., & Kumar, P. (2022). Advancements in Agricultural Robotics and Precision Farming. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 45(3), 123-136.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Sahil Sunil Tajane, Gaurav Deochand Chimankar, Manasi Chandrakant Aole. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.