Sorting of Solid Waste in Tehkal and University Town Peshawar City, Pakistan

Abstract

Fixed waste sorting plays an important role in achievingefficient waste management, especially when it comes to recyclable materials such as paper. Effective sorting of waste not only promotes ecological sustainability but also provides valuable resources. This paper is one of the broadest materials that providesefficient separation of other waste types and maximizing recycling efforts. This article presents a details analysis of the paper waste sorting process focusing on the various methods using manual separation and mechanical sorting techniques. However, some challenges prevent humans from maximizing the chances of organizing waste. This study explores the waste stream in a local neighborhood through a series of observations at Kabari (recycling) shops, aiming to uncover the types and quantities of waste being collected daily. By conducting interviews with shop incharges and gathering data over multiple days, a rich dataset was compiled, reflecting the flow of recyclable materials in the area. The waste categories studied included paper, plastic, metal, and glass, with quantities meticulously tracked each day. Through statistical analysis and graphical representation of the data, we identified key trends in the waste composition of the locality. Notably, plastic emerged as the dominant waste type, outpacing paper and metal in terms of volume. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted waste management strategies that focus on the most prevalent materials. This study not only provides insights into the local recycling landscape but also offers actionable data for policymakers, waste management professionals, and environmental advocates to optimize recycling efforts, reduce landfill dependency, and promote sustainable urban waste solutions.

Introduction

1. Waste Sorting Overview:
Waste sorting is essential for improving the quantity and quality of recyclable materials. It is done through manual and mechanical methods, each with benefits and drawbacks.

• Manual sorting is precise and adaptable for complex waste but is labor-intensive and potentially hazardous.

• Mechanical sorting is efficient for large-scale operations, especially in the circular economy (e.g., plastics, metals), but is costly and less adaptable to mixed waste.

A combined (hybrid) approach is commonly used in modern systems, integrating both techniques to improve speed, reduce contamination, and increase recycling efficiency.

2. Specific Focus Areas:

• Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste: C&D waste (e.g., concrete, wood, metals) makes up a significant portion of urban waste. Its composition is changing, with more synthetic materials. Recycling effectiveness depends on regulations, technologies, and practices.

• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Proper screening techniques are vital. A mix of human operators and automated systems is suggested for optimal results.

• Uncertainty in Sorting Systems: Inconsistencies such as device failures or manual sorting errors affect data accuracy. Modeling systems and decision trees can reduce uncertainty and enhance plant operations.

3. Case Study: Peshawar, Pakistan (Tehkal and Abdara Road)

Research Objective:
To examine local recycling practices and economic impacts through scrap dealers and manual sorters.

Methodology:

• Targeted Sampling: 5 scrap dealers were selected for interviews.

• Qualitative Approach: Observations and unstructured interviews were conducted to understand daily operations.

Scrap Collection and Sorting:

• Scrap materials are collected from commercial, industrial, and residential sources (e.g., paper, plastics, metals).

• Sorting is mainly manual, often done in two stages:

  • First sorting: Broad classification (e.g., cardboard, metals).

  • Second sorting: Detailed separation by type (e.g., copper vs. aluminum).

• Magnetic sorting and shredding are used for better metal separation and processing efficiency.

4. Productivity Analysis (4-Day Manual Sorting Monitoring):

Five materials were tracked: scrap steel, papers, tin bins, plastic bottles, and dry bread.

Findings:

• Papers had the highest and most consistent sorting rates.

• Scrap steel had the lowest, indicating either low availability or difficulty in handling.

• Productivity varied day-to-day based on material type, availability, and workers’ familiarity with materials.

Conclusion

As urban populations continue to grow, efficient waste management has become a critical component of sustainable development. This study examined the waste stream in a local neighborhood through detailed observations at Kabari (recycling) shops. By conducting interviews with shop incharges and collecting data over multiple days, a comprehensive dataset was compiled to reflect the daily flow of recyclable materials such as paper, plastic, metal, and glass. Statistical analyses and graphical representations revealed key trends, with plastic identified as the most dominant waste type, surpassing paper and metal in volume. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted waste management strategies that focus on the most prevalent materials. The data gathered can guide policymakers, waste management professionals, and environmental advocates in optimizing recycling efforts, reducing landfill dependency, and promoting sustainable urban waste practices. In terms of enhancing the productivity and efficiency of manual sorting in the scrap recycling industry, the following recommendations are proposed: 1) Task Optimization: Streamline task distribution and implement structured sorting protocols to improve workflow. 2) Employee Training: Provide continuous training and performance assessments to ensure workers are skilled in identifying and sorting materials effectively. 3) Material Standardization: Address challenges related to material inconsistency and introduce standardized procedures to improve accuracy and reduce waste. 4) Adoption of Technology: Integrate automation and real-time monitoring systems to support manual efforts, improve efficiency, and increase the recovery of valuable resources. By implementing these recommendations, scrap recycling facilities can significantly boost their operational effectiveness, contribute to environmental sustainability, and expand the impact of recycling initiatives in the coming years. These measures serve as a strategic roadmap for enhancing manual sorting processes and advancing the overall goals of sustainable waste management.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Muhammad Adnan, Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Afed Ullah Khan, Basir Ullah. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.