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ISSN: 2321-9653
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Ijraset Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

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Use of Different Metal Chlorides and Acetates as Road Salts and the Study of their Consequent Effects on Water Quality Parameters

Authors: Sahir Mushtaq, Shahnawaz Ahmad Mantoo, Er. Aarif Nazir, Er. S. Tahir, Er. Nasir Magrey

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46419

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Abstract

Highway salts are crucial to the transportation and highway maintenance enterprises in India or elsewhere to diminish glaze formation and sustain traffic safety in frigid climatic provinces like Kashmir, Ladakh, and Himachal Pradesh. However, increased highway salts usage and resulting in source water contamination have the prevailing essence for the putrefaction of drinking water infrastructure and damage to foliage along the roadside and aquatic ecosystems. This study circulates around the use of various types of salts, and their impacts on water quality parameters and focuses on the selection of most effective, economical salt to reduce ice formation on roads.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In snow sash regions we contemplate road salt to be crucial for the safety of drivers and important to sustaining our business community in the winter. The implication of salt for melting glaze on roads drawn out into streams, rivers, etc. affects environmental wellness. Furthermore, changes in water quality parameters, cause sabotage in the aquatic life in general and various diseases in human beings. Road salts contain different mixtures such as sodium and chloride and the presence of chloride in water impacts aquatic life. Surplus salt concentration can deteriorate entire aquatic food chains, containing zooplankton, salamanders and frogs, fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Moreover, it impacts soil fertility which indirectly affects agriculture production as it absorbs moisture results dehydration and eventually killing off crops

II.  Scope of the study

The scope of this study is in the following areas: -

  1. Efficient ice melting process on the roads during winter.
  2. Determination of effect of road salts on the water body and aquatic life.

III. Test methodology

A sample of water was taken from the river Jhelum for testing and tests for time taken to melt the ice such as, change in temperature, PH, Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Fluoride content, iron, Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Calcium hardness, Hardness, Silicate, Phosphate, Chloride Content, were conducted. After testing, the Virgin sample of water is filled into several trays of a given volume and then placed in the freezer for 15 hours duration for freezing.

After that, different salts such as Common salt, Rock salt, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, were applied in different trays containing frozen water and the above-mentioned tests were repeated for all the salts.

IV. Results

V. Recommendations

Based on the above results, following recommendation are made: -

  1. Common salt is to be applied for de-icing, if the funds available are limited.
  2. Sodium acetate or potassium acetate is to be applied if water quality parameters were taken into consideration.

For quick de-icing, common salt is used to reduce ice formation on roads.

Conclusion

The conclusions drawn from the study are: - 1) Common salt (NaCl) is more effective and comical used for deicing on Roads. 2) Salt is a composition of sodium and chloride, the presence of chloride is toxic to aquatic life, and even low concentrations can stimulate destructive effects in freshwater ecosystems. Elevated chloride levels in water can inhibit marine species\' growth and reproduction, influence food sources, and disrupt osmoregulation in amphibians 3) Salinity of water affects agricultural production because it reduces the moisture content obtainable to the plants, dehydration, and finally kills the plant

References

[1] Montoliu, Almudena, et al. “A Novel in Vitro Tissue Culture Approach to Study Salt Stress Responses in Citrus.” Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 59, no. 2, 2009, pp. 179–187, doi: 10.1007/s10725-009-9401-0. [2] Peng, Chao, et al. “Synthesis and Properties of a Clean and Sustainable Deicing Additive for Asphalt Mixture.” Plos One, vol. 10, no. 1, 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115721. [3] Rosfjord, Catherine H., et al. “Anthropogenically Driven Changes in Chloride Complicate Interpretation of Base Cation Trends in Lakes Recovering from Acidic Deposition.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 22, 2007, pp. 7688–7693., doi:10.1021/es062334f. [4] Semenovskaya, Zina. “Hypernatremia in Emergency Medicine.” Hypernatremia in Emergency Medicine, MedScape, 17 Sept. 2018, emedicine.medscape.com/article/766683-overview. [5] Sereda, P.J. “CBD-20. Corrosion in Buildings.” National Research Council, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1961, [6] web.mit.edu/parmstr/Public/NRCan/CanBldgDigests/cbd020_e.html. [7] Shi, Xianming, et al. evaluation of alternative anti-icing and deicing compounds using sodium chloride and magnesium chloride as baseline deicers - phase i. 2009, pp. 1– 220, evaluation of alternative anti-icing and deicing compounds using sodium chloride and magnesium chloride as baseline deicers - phase i [8] Siegel, Lori. “Hazard Identification for Human and Ecological Effects of Sodium Chloride Road Salt.” State of New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Water Division Watershed Management Bureau , State of New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2007, [9] www.rebuildingi93.com/documents/environmental/Chloride-TMDL-Toxicological-Evaluation.pdf. State of Nebraska. Nebraska Department of Roads. Nebraska Department of Roads Maintenance Manual. Chapter 8: Winter Operations. [10] Lincoln, NE, 2010. United States, Congress, Office of Water. “Drinking Water Advisory: Consumer Acceptability Advice and Health Effects Analysis on Sodium.” Drinking Water Advisory: Consumer Acceptability Advice and Health Effects Analysis on Sodium, 30th ed., vol. 822, ser. 006, Environmental Protection Agency, 2003, pp. 1–22. 006. [11] United States, Congress, Risk Assessment Forum. “Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment.” Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998, pp. 1 123. [12] United States, Congress, “The NRC Risk Assessment Paradigm.” The NRC Risk Assessment Paradigm, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, 2014. [13] Wertz, Cody. “Outdoor Recreation a Large and Growing Percentage of U.S. Economy.” Outdoor Industry Association, 2018, outdoorindustry.org/press-release/outdoor-recreation-large-growing-percentage-u-s-economy/.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Sahir Mushtaq, Shahnawaz Ahmad Mantoo, Er. Aarif Nazir, Er. S. Tahir, Er. Nasir Magrey. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

IJRASET46419

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Authors : Sahir Mushtaq

Paper Id : IJRASET46419

Publish Date : 2022-08-22

ISSN : 2321-9653

Publisher Name : IJRASET

DOI Link : Click Here

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET) is an international peer reviewed, online journal published for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Applied Science & Engineering Technologies.

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