Authors: Aadil Ashraf, Abhilash Thakur
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56293
Certificate: View Certificate
Bituminous Concrete (BC) normally used in construction projects like road surfacing, airports ,parking lots etc is a composite material . It consists of asphalt or bitumen (used as a binder) and mineral aggregate which are mixed together & laid down in layers then compacted. In these days the large increment in high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles, and the compelling variation in daily and seasonal temperature put us in a demanding situation to think of some alternatives for the improvisation of the pavement characteristics and quality by applying some necessary modifications which shall satisfy both the strength as well as economical aspects .Also considering the environmental approach, due to excessive use of polythene in day to day life the pollution to the environment is increased significantly . Since the polythene is non-biodegradable the need of the current hour is to use the waste polythene in some beneficial purposes .This paperpresents a research conducted to analyse the behavior of BC mix modified with waste polythene. Various percentages of polythene are used for preparation of mixes with a selected aggregate grading as given in the IRC Code. By preparing Marshall samples of the concrete mix the role of polythene in bituminous is studied for various engineering properties BC mixtures with and without polymer. Marshall properties such as stability, flow value, unit weight, air voids are used to determine optimum polythene content for the given grade of bitumen (80/100).
I. INTRODUCTION
Bituminous binders mostly used by paving industry have a vast civil engineering applications. There are different layers of pavement. The main constituents of bituminous concrete(BC) mix are aggregate and bitumen. Generally, all the hard surfaced pavements are categorized into two groups, i.e. Flexible Pavement and Rigid Pavement.
A. Flexible Pavement
If the upper layer of a road surface or of a pavement is bitumen material then it is called "flexible" sice the total pavement structure can bend or deflect due to heavy traffic loads.Flexible pavements in on the whole have low flexural strength and are rather flexible in their structural action under heavy loads.These types of pavement layers reflect the deformation of lower layers on-to the surface of the layer.
B. Rigid Pavement
If the surface course of a pavement is of concrete mix other than bitumen then it is called "rigid" since the pavement structure can,t bend or deflect due to traffic loads.These types of pavements are notably stiffer than the flexible pavements due to the high modulus of elasticity of the PCC material .Importantly ,we can use RCC in the rigid pavements, to decrease or eliminate the joints.
???????II. POLYMER MODIFICATION OF BC
The steady increase of wheel loads, tyre pressure, change in climatic conditions & daily wear and tear severely affect the performance of bituminous mix pavements.Hence any improvement in the property of the pavement is Highly essential considering the present scenario.
???????III. LITERATURE REVIEW
During 1900’s, the technique, of using bitumen in pavements, was first used on rural roads in order to prevent rapid removal of the fine particles such as dust, from Water Bound Macadam, which was caused due to fast growth of automobiles.
This new technology of using plastic waste in construction of roads not only increases the road life also retain good environment to live.
PROPERTIES |
PLASTICROAD |
ORDINARYROAD |
Marshall stability value |
More |
Less |
Bindind property |
Better |
Good |
Softening point |
More |
Less
|
???????IV. STATUSOFONGOINGRESEARCHES
A. Evolution of Mix Design Concepts
Roberts et al .2002 During 1900 in order to prevent rapid removal of the fine particles such as dust from Water Bound Macadam, the technique, of using bitumen in pavements, was first used on rural roads, which was Caused due to fast growth of automobiles At initial stages, heavy oils were used as dust palliative.
Fransis Hveem 1942 project engineer of California Department of Highways developed the Hveem stabile meter in 1927.He does not have any previous experience to recognise, the required mix from its colour, so he decided to measure various mixture parameters.He decided to use surface area calculation concept in order to find the optimum quantity (which was already in use,at that time for the cement concrete mix design),to estimate the quantity of bitumen actually required.
Bruce Marshall just before the World War-II developed the Marshall testing machine. It was adopted in the US Army Corpes of Engineers in 1930ís and subsequently modified in 1940ís and 50ís.
B. Marshall Stability Value
It is defined as the maximum load at which the specimen fails under the application of the vertical load. It is the maximum load supported by the test specimen at a loading rate of 50.8 mm/minute (2 inches/minute). Generally, the load was increased until it reached the maximum & then when the load just began to reduce ,the load was stopped and the maximum load was recorded by the proving ring
V. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
A. Determination of Specific Gravity of Polythene
The procedure adopted is given below
The specific gravity is given by where:
a=apparent mass of specimen, without wire or sinker, in air
b=apparent mass of specimen and of sinker completely immersed and of the wire partially immersed in liquid w = apparent mass of totally immersed sinker and of partially immersed wire.
From the experiment, it was found that
a= 19 gm
b = 24 gm w= 26 gm
=>s = 19 /(19+26-24) = 19/21 =0.90476
Takes =0.905
B. Mixing Procedure
The mixing of ingredients was done as per the following procedure (STP 204-8).
C. Polymer Modification
VI. RECENT APPLICATIONS
The results indicated that the utilization of waste polythene in bituminous concrete mixtures shows improved property of the mixtures thus formed. The waste polythene utilized in the mix will get coated over Aggregate of the mixture and reduces porosity, absorption of moisture and improves binding property. The bitumen modified with 4% Polythene Waste is showing better Performance as compared to other mixes. The Marshall Stability which is a strength parameter has shown increasing trend with a maximum increase percent of 34.26% as compared to Conventional mix when modified with 4% Polythene Waste. It is observed that Marshall Stability value increases with polythene content upto4% and thereafter decreases. Thus the use of higher percentage of waste polythene is not preferable. While talking to environmental pollution due to these non-biodegradable plastics waste where disposal of such materials has become a serious problem, its use in construction of flexible pavement will give a better place for their burying and thus solving the problem of their disposal on one hand and providing a better flexible pavement with improved performance on other hand.
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Copyright © 2023 Aadil Ashraf, Abhilash Thakur . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET56293
Publish Date : 2023-10-25
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here