Vehicle-To-Vehicle(V2V) Communication Using ESP32 Microcontroller

Abstract

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is a crucial component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that enables real-time data exchange among vehicles to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. This paper presents a Wi-Fi-enabled vehicle to vehicle communication system using ESP32 modules for scalable deployment. Conventional vehicle safety systems rely heavily on driver perception and are limited by line-of-sight visibility and delayed human response, increasing accident risks. The proposed system integrates Ultrasonic and Motion Processing Unit (MPU6050) sensors to detect hazards such as obstacles, sudden braking, and abnormal environmental conditions. The processed data is transmitted wirelessly using Wi-Fi to nearby vehicles, enabling early warning alerts. The receiving vehicle providesbuzzer notifications to alert the driver. The system improves situational awareness, reduces reaction time, and minimizes collision risks. It supports future applications in smart cities and autonomous vehicles.

Introduction

The paper addresses the increasing risk of road accidents caused by human error and limited situational awareness in modern traffic environments. To improve safety, it proposes a real-time Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system that allows vehicles to exchange critical data such as speed, distance, and hazard alerts, enabling drivers to react proactively.

Existing V2V approaches use technologies like DSRC, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and sensors such as ultrasonic and gas detectors. While these methods improve detection and communication, they are limited by short range, lack of scalability, and insufficient real-time integration.

The proposed system introduces a Wi-Fi-based V2V communication framework using ESP32 microcontrollers to enable direct vehicle communication without external infrastructure. Vehicles are equipped with sensors (ultrasonic, gas, vibration) to detect obstacles, environmental risks, and sudden impacts. When hazards are detected, the system sends real-time alerts to nearby vehicles.

On the receiver side, the system processes incoming data and triggers visual (LCD) and audio (buzzer) alerts, and can activate automatic braking in critical situations. This improves driver awareness, reduces reaction time, and enhances road safety in dynamic traffic conditions.

Conclusion

The proposed WiFi-enabled Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system improves road safety through real-time transmission of critical parameters such as speed and distance. The integration of sensors with the ESP32 microcontroller ensures accurate detection and efficient communication between vehicles. At the receiver side, automatic braking along with buzzer indication and LCD display enables immediate response to critical conditions, reducing the risk of collisions. Overall, the system provides an effective and reliable solution for enhancing vehicular safety and responsiveness.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 C. Laxmana Sai, K. Shivani, Ch. Ananya, S. Sai Sindhu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.