Voice Controlled and Obstacles Detection Robotic Vehicle

Abstract

This work was developed in a way that the robot is controlled by voice commands. An android application with an Arduino that is used for required tasks. The connection between the android app and the vehicle is facilitated with Bluetooth technology. The robot is controlled by buttons on the application or by spoken commands of the user. The movement of the robot is facilitated by the one dc servo motors connected with Arduino at the receiver side. The commands from the application are converted into digital signals by the Bluetooth RF transmitter for an appropriate range (about 10 meters) to the robot. At the receiver end the data gets decoded by the receiver and is fed to the Arduino which drives the DC motors for the necessary work. The aim of Voice Controlled Robotic Vehicle is to perform the required task by listening to the commands of the user. A prior preparatory session is needed for the smooth operation

Introduction

This project develops a Voice-Controlled, Bluetooth-enabled robotic vehicle with advanced obstacle detection capabilities. It aims to create an intuitive, user-friendly robot that can navigate diverse terrains autonomously while avoiding obstacles. Users control the vehicle via voice commands or Bluetooth through a mobile app, enhancing accessibility and versatility for applications such as education, research, entertainment, and daily assistance.

The literature survey highlights the role of voice control using Natural Language Processing, the efficiency of Bluetooth modules like HC-05 for communication, and the importance of ultrasonic and sensor fusion techniques for obstacle detection. Integrating these technologies improves operational efficiency and user experience.

The system design includes a central microcontroller (Arduino or Raspberry Pi) managing inputs from voice recognition modules, Bluetooth communication, and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection. The software uses libraries to interpret Bluetooth commands and voice instructions, controlling the vehicle via motor drivers.

Operational tests showed successful response to voice commands and Bluetooth control within 10-20 meters, with smooth and accurate movement. Ultrasonic sensors effectively detected obstacles within 15-30 cm, enabling the vehicle to stop or navigate around objects autonomously. This project demonstrates a functional integration of voice control, wireless communication, and autonomous navigation in robotic vehicles.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the voice-controlled, Bluetooth-controlled, and obstacle-avoidant robotic vehicle performed well under most test conditions. The system demonstrated high functionality and accuracy in both controlled and noisy environments, with Bluetooth control achieving near-perfect accuracy. Voice command accuracy, however, was sensitive to noise levels and command speed. The robot’s speed was appropriate for most use cases, but obstacle avoidance reduced speed for safety. The primary challenge was the limited obstacle detection range and the robot’s occasional inability to detect small or irregularly shaped objects. The test scenarios revealed that while the robot excelled in predictable environments, improvements in sensor accuracy and response times will be necessary for enhanced performance in real-world, cluttered, or dynamic environments. Future work will focus on integrating additional sensors, improving voice recognition in noisy environments, and optimizing the robot’s path-planning algorithms to enhance its autonomous capabilities.

References

[1] Ioannis Giachos, Evangelos C. Papakitsos, Petros Savvidis, Nikolaos Laskaris Inquiring Natural Language Processing Capabilities on Robotic Systems through Virtual Assistants: A Systemic Approach Journal of Computer Science Research, Volume 05 Issue 02 April 2023 [2] Yuan Zhuang, Chongyang Zhang Jianzhu Huai You Li Liang Chen Ruizhi Chen. Bluetooth Localization Technology: Principles, Applications, and Future Trends IEEE Internet of Things journal volume 9, issue 23, 2022 [3] V A Zhmud, N O Kondratiev, K A Kuznetsov, V G Trubin and L V Dimitrov, Application of ultrasonic sensor for measuring distances in robotics, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1015, Issue 3, 2018 [4] De Jong Yeong, Gustavo Velasco-Hernandez, John Barry, Joseph Walsh, Sensor and Sensor Fusion Technology in Autonomous Vehicles: A Review, sensors journal 2021 [5] Ang Jia He, Min Thu Soe, A Review on Sensor Technologies and Control Methods for Mobile Robot with Obstacle Detection System International Journal on Robotics, Automation and Sciences 2024

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Abhijith N, Bhumika M S, Deevika G M, Inchara B M, Mayur Varchasvi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.