VoteLedger: Blockchain-Integrated Secure E-Voting System with Transparent and Reliable Elections

Abstract

The emergence of electronic voting is one of the vital components of contemporary democracies; however, guaranteeing security, transparency, anonymity, and integrity in this new medium is quite challenging in the current technological landscape. In light of this issue, this paper presents an approach for implementing biometric blockchain-based e-voting, which aims to eliminate the drawbacks of existing electoral processes. To be specific, the suggested model integrates facial recognition software for voter identification with blockchain for vote storage. In particular, to ensure reliable biometric identification, the suggested system utilizes the Grassmann algorithm, a mathematical technique used in high-dimensional feature spaces for comparing faces. When verifying the voter identity, a facial image is converted into a vector feature, after which the Grassmann algorithm computes the ideal subspace for matching the faces of registered voters. Such an approach enables highly precise authentication even under difficult conditions like variations in lighting, varied facial positions, or partial obstruction. Therefore, it can help avoid problems like duplication voting, impersonations, and other forms of electoral fraud. On confirming a voter’s credentials, the vote cast is then encrypted and recorded as a unique voting transaction in the blockchain system. Each voting transaction gets a unique, cryptographic secure transaction ID, which makes it possible to track individual votes without breaching their privacy. With the use of blockchain technology, there is no need for centralized authorities and hence eliminates any threats associated with attacks from hackers, breaches by unauthorized parties, or any form of data manipulation. Moreover, smart contract systems are employed to automatically validate votes, detect anomalies, and reject any duplicate or invalid votes. Finally, once a valid vote is received, it is permanently recorded in the blockchain ledger, and the voter is notified about the transaction confirmation ID via secure channels like emails or SMS messages.

Introduction

The paper proposes a secure and transparent e-voting system that integrates blockchain technology with biometric authentication, specifically facial recognition, to overcome issues in traditional voting systems such as fraud, data manipulation, lack of transparency, and voter impersonation. By using a decentralized blockchain network, every vote is recorded as an immutable and traceable transaction, ensuring integrity, anonymity, and verifiability while eliminating reliance on centralized authorities.

The system employs smart contracts to automatically validate votes, detect suspicious activities, and prevent double voting in real time. After successful verification, voters receive a transaction ID as proof of participation without revealing their choice. The architecture includes modules for voter interface design, candidate management, and secure credential handling using encrypted biometric data.

Related work highlights various cryptographic, blockchain-based, and AI-enhanced voting systems, emphasizing their strengths in security and transparency but also noting challenges like scalability, privacy, and efficiency. The proposed system addresses these gaps by combining biometrics and blockchain to improve authentication, trust, and election reliability.

Conclusion

From this discussion, it is evident that the proposed Vote Ledger system is a viable solution to modern day electronic voting by combining biometrics with blockchain technology. Facial recognition, which uses the Grassmann algorithm, ensures that voter verification is done accurately, making sure that only those who qualify get to vote while keeping impersonation and other security risks at bay. The use of blockchain technology adds to the effectiveness of the system as all transactions made during an election are stored safely and can never be altered. In addition, the system guarantees voter anonymity and privacy alongside end-to-end verification using unique transaction IDs that are sent through secure channels of communication. The results (fig 3 to 13) of experimentation showed high levels of accuracy, robust data integrity, speedier transaction processes, and timely results. As opposed to the traditional models of e-voting, the new system provides a higher degree of trust, accountability, and resistance to any form of cyber attacks and centralized failures. The decentralized system minimizes the reliance on the election officials while ensuring transparency during the voting process. Moreover, the voting platform facilitates the management of the elections while supporting scalability and mass adoption. Overall, the project shows that integrating biometrics with blockchain technology is highly effective in the modernization of the existing electoral systems.

References

[1] Kho, Yun-Xing, Swee-Huay Heng, and Ji-Jian Chin. \"A review of cryptographic electronic voting.\" Symmetry 14.5 (2022): 858. [2] HajianBerenjestanaki, Mohammad, et al. \"Blockchain-based e-voting systems: a technology review.\" Electronics 13.1 (2023): 17. [3] Burka, Dávid, et al. \"Voting: A machine learning approach.\" European Journal of Operational Research 299.3 (2022): 1003-1017. [4] Benabdallah, Ali, et al. \"Analysis of blockchain solutions for E-voting: a systematic literature review.\" IEEE Access 10 (2022): 70746-70759. [5] Goldberg, Mitchell, and Fabian Schär. \"Metaverse governance: An empirical analysis of voting within Decentralized Autonomous Organizations.\" Journal of Business Research 160 (2023): 113764. [6] Rathee, Geetanjali, et al. \"On the design and implementation of a blockchain enabled e-voting application within iot-oriented smart cities.\" IEEE Access 9 (2021): 34165-34176. [7] Alvi, SyadaTasmia, et al. \"DVTChain: A blockchain-based decentralized mechanism to ensure the security of digital voting system.\" Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 34.9 (2022): 6855-6871. [8] Faruk, Md Jobair Hossain, et al. \"Bie vote: A biometric identification enabled blockchain-based secure and transparent voting framework.\" 2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA). IEEE, 2022. [9] Vladucu, Maria-Victoria, et al. \"E-voting meets blockchain: A survey.\" IEEE Access 11 (2023): 23293-23308. [10] Varaprasada Rao, K., and Sandeep Kumar Panda. \"Secure electronic voting (E-voting) system based on blockchain on various platforms.\" Computer Communication, Networking and IoT: Proceedings of 5th ICICC 2021, Volume 2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. 143-151.

Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Poonggazhal TTK, Dr. I. Shahanaz Begum , Amuthavalli G. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.