Design and Development of Wearable Vibration Assist Device for Tic Management

Abstract

This project focuses on the design and development of a wearable vibration assist device aimed at managing tics, particularly in individuals with conditions like Tourette syndrome. The device uses advanced motion sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, to detect abnormal movements associated with tics in real-time. Upon detection, the device activates a vibration mechanism that provides sensory feedback, helping to interrupt or reduce the frequency of tics. The vibration settings are customizable, allowing users to adjust intensity, frequency, and duration for personalized management. The wearable design is lightweight, discreet, and comfortable, making it suitable for continuous use throughout the day without causing discomfort or drawing attention. This non-invasive, drug-free approach offers a promising alternative to traditional treatments, empowering users to manage their tics more effectively. By providing a subtle yet effective solution, the device enhances the user’s quality of life and reduces the social stigma often associated with visible tics.

Introduction

Overview:
Tic disorders—particularly Tourette syndrome—are neurological conditions characterized by involuntary motor or vocal tics, often beginning in childhood and potentially affecting social and emotional wellbeing. Traditional treatments like medication and behavioral therapy are effective but have drawbacks, such as side effects or the need for specialized access. This has led to a growing interest in wearable, non-invasive, real-time intervention tools.

Project Aim:
This project introduces a wearable device that detects tic-like movements using motion sensors and responds with vibration feedback to help users self-manage their tics. It offers a drug-free, accessible solution that increases user awareness and potentially interrupts tic behavior.

Methodology:

• User-Centered Design: The device was developed through consultations with medical professionals and individuals affected by tic disorders.

• Sensor Selection: An MPU6050 motion sensor captures movement data (acceleration and rotation).

• Controller & Feedback: An ESP32 microcontroller processes this data and activates a vibration motor when tics are detected. Feedback is designed to be immediate and minimally intrusive.

• Mobile Integration: A Flutter-based mobile app connects via Bluetooth (HC-05), allowing users to adjust settings, monitor real-time data, and export logs.

• Data Processing: A Kalman filter removes noise from sensor input; tic events are detected based on repetitive motion patterns and customizable thresholds.

• Power: The system is powered by a 3.7V Li-Po battery, with optimized firmware for power efficiency.

Prototype Testing:

• Participants: Five users with mild to moderate tics tested the device.

• Results: Most users experienced reduced tic frequency and intensity during device use. Feedback showed the vibration served as a helpful preemptive cue.

• Limitations Identified: Small sample size, inability to detect non-motor tics, and potential adaptation over time. Suggestions included improved straps and extended battery life.

Hardware Summary:

• Microcontroller: ESP32 or Arduino Nano for logic and communication.

• Motion Sensor: MPU6050 for 6-axis motion tracking.

• Vibration Motor: Triggered via BC547 transistor for feedback.

• Bluetooth: HC-05 for app communication and configuration.

• Power Supply: Rechargeable Li-Po battery with safety features.

Future Directions:

• Larger clinical trials for broader validation.

• Integration of other sensors (e.g., EMG) to detect more types of tics.

• Cloud-based analytics for clinician monitoring.

• Potential use of machine learning for adaptive, personalized feedback.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the wearable vibration assist device for tic management represents a significant advancement in the non-pharmacological treatment of tic disorders. By integrating real-time detection, immediate sensory feedback, and customizable vibration settings, the device offers a personalized and effective solution for managing tics. Its discreet, lightweight design ensures comfort and usability, making it suitable for continuous, everyday wear without drawing attention. This device not only addresses the limitations of current treatments but also empowers users to gain better control over their tics, improving their quality of life and reducing the social stigma often associated with visible tics. Overall, this innovation holds great potential in providing a safe, non-invasive, and practical approach to tic management, offering a promising alternative for individuals seeking more reliable and accessible solutions to manage their condition.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Pavithra S, Adithya K, Vikram V Iyer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.