Wild Animal Detection Collar Using GPS & LORA Technology

Abstract

The growing number of conflicts between humans and animals, caused by quick urban growth, cutting down forests, and breaking up natural habitats, has become a major issue in recent times. As animals lose their homes, they are pushed closer to people\'s areas looking for food and shelter, which leads to risky situations that put both people and wildlife in danger. To tackle this problem, this paper describes the creation and use of a Wild Animal Detection Collar that uses GPS and LoRa technology to track animals in real time and send alerts. The system includes a smart collar fitted on the animal, which has an ESP32 microcontroller, a GPS module for precise location tracking, and a LoRa module for sending data over long distances while using very little power. The GPS module regularly gets real-time location data, which is then sent through the LoRa module across several kilometers with minimal power use. The system uses a geofencing feature to set up virtual limits around sensitive areas like villages, farms, or protected regions. If the animal crosses these set boundaries, the system automatically issues an alert and sends the information to a receiving unit. The receiver shows the animal\'s exact location, how far it is from the boundary, and the alert status, allowing forest officers or nearby people to respond quickly. This system is made to work well in remote forest areas where there is no internet or mobile coverage. It offers a cost-effective, energy-saving, and scalable way to monitor wildlife. The approach not only improves real-time tracking but also helps in reducing human-animal conflicts and supporting efforts to protect wildlife.

Introduction

This study focuses on the development and evaluation of a polyherbal hair growth oil formulated using natural medicinal plants to promote hair growth and improve scalp health. Hair plays an important role in appearance, confidence, and protection, but factors such as pollution, stress, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal disorders, genetics, and excessive use of chemical products can lead to hair problems including hair loss, dandruff, premature greying, and thinning. Conventional treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride are effective but may cause side effects, creating a demand for safer herbal alternatives.

The formulated hair oil combines Amla, Hibiscus, Fenugreek, Curry Leaves, Neem, Onion, and Coconut Oil, each selected for their scientifically proven benefits. Amla provides antioxidants and vitamin C, Hibiscus stimulates hair follicles, Fenugreek strengthens hair roots, Neem offers antimicrobial protection, Curry Leaves help prevent premature greying, and Onion promotes hair growth. Coconut oil serves as the carrier oil due to its excellent penetration and hair-conditioning properties.

The preparation involved collecting, cleaning, drying, pulverizing, and infusing the herbal ingredients into coconut oil at 70–80°C. The resulting oil was filtered and stored for evaluation. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of important bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, polyphenols, tannins, proteins, and saponins, which contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hair-growth-promoting activities.

Physicochemical evaluation showed that the formulated oil possessed desirable properties, including a dark greenish-brown color, pleasant herbal odor, specific gravity of 0.9, pH of 5.1, viscosity of 32 cP, refractive index of 1.468, acid value of 1.10 mg KOH/g, and saponification value of 188 mg KOH/g. The formulation exhibited good homogeneity, no phase separation, and no skin irritation, indicating stability and suitability for topical application.

Conclusion

The Wild Animal Detection Collar, which uses GPS and LoRa technology, offers an effective and dependable way to monitor wildlife in real time. This system allows for precise tracking of animal locations, long-distance communication, and timely alerts through the use of geofencing, making it ideal for use in remote forest areas. A user-friendly dashboard has been created to show live animal positions, their distance from the geofence boundaries, and the status of any alerts, which improves how users interact with and manage the system. The system is also affordable, uses energy efficiently, and can be scaled up, making it a practical tool for wildlife conservation. It helps reduce conflicts between humans and animals and improves safety by providing early warnings and ongoing monitoring. Using LoRa communication greatly reduces the need for cellular networks, ensuring reliable data transmission in areas with poor connectivity. The system uses an ESP32 processor to handle GPS data efficiently while keeping power usage low. Its modular design makes it easy to use across various animal species and locations. The solution supports continuous tracking and helps forest officials keep an eye on animal movements, study migration trends, and respond quickly to possible dangers. The system can also be expanded by adding cloud storage to save historical tracking information and analyze movement patterns. Adding health sensors and solar power sources can make the system more reliable and longer-lasting, enhancing its sustainability. Future improvements may include using machine learning to predict animal movements, developing a mobile app for quick alerts, and enabling tracking of multiple animals at once. These enhancements will make wildlife conservation more effective, support better decision-making based on data, and help create smarter wildlife management systems.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Prajwal Khunkar, Aditya Deshmukh, Prajwal Kashiwar, Mrs. V. S. Navale. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.