Comparative Analysis on Wind and Seismic Behaviour of Tall Structure Building with Outrigger System

Abstract

With the ongoing trend of urban densification, the development of high-rise structures has been widely adopted as a solution to limited land availability. Structural performance under lateral forces such as wind and earthquakes has been regarded as a primary concern in the design of these tall buildings. To address this, outrigger systems have been employed as an effective method to enhance lateral stiffness and control structural displacement. In recent studies, shear walls have been proposed to function as outrigger elements, offering a more integrated and efficient approach to resisting lateral loads. In this research work, it has necessary to compute the outrigger shear wall should be applied at different floor level with a view of comparative analysis of seismic and wind effects which has not been observe yet. Simulations are conducted using an analysis software to assess the response of the selected tall structure (G+79). Different models have generated and comparative analysis has conducted to show the effects of wind and seismic forces and there intensity for that, one case without outrigger and five cases of with outrigger has applied over the structure. The response of the structure to see the performance including displacement, base shear and fundamental time period of entire structure has plotted in graphs and tables to show the percentage variations both horizontal comparative analysis. Finally in conclusion, remarks for each output has inscribe with comparative observations. At last, recommendations has given based on adaptability of the outriggers applications on tall structures based on Taranath’s method.

Introduction

1. Purpose of Wall Outrigger Systems in Tall Buildings

Wall outrigger systems are used to improve lateral stiffness and control drift in tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic forces. The system consists of vertical shear walls (outriggers) connecting the central core (e.g., staircases and elevators) to perimeter columns, functioning like stiff arms that reduce overturning moments and distribute lateral loads effectively.

Advantages of Wall Outriggers:

• Efficient lateral load transfer

• Improved architectural integration

• Better use of interior space compared to deep trusses

• Ideal for reinforced concrete high-rises

• Best performance when placed at 1/3 and 2/3 of building height

2. Research Objectives

The study evaluates a G+79 storey tall residential building under seismic and wind conditions using models with and without wall outriggers.

Section I: Individual Case Analysis

• Displacement in X and Y directions

• Base shear in both directions

• Fundamental time period (structure stiffness)

Section II: Comparative Analysis

• Percentage reduction in displacements and base shear with outrigger application

• Evaluation under both:

  • Response Spectrum Analysis (seismic)

  • Gust Factor Method (wind)

• Comparative performance of different outrigger levels (from 1 to 5)

3. Building & Modeling Specifications

• Height: 328 m, 79 floors (G+79)

• Plan Area: 30 m x 30 m = 900 m²

• Materials: Concrete (M30), Steel (Fe 500)

• Column Sizes: Ranging from 650×650 mm to 1250×1250 mm

• Outrigger & shear wall thickness: 150 mm

Outrigger Placement Strategy

Outriggers are placed at various height fractions:

• 1 Outrigger: h/2

• 2 Outriggers: h/3, 2h/3

• 3 to 5 Outriggers: Evenly spaced up to height h

4. Model Variants

For Seismic Analysis (TS-SX Series):

• TS-SN: No outriggers

• TS-SA to TS-SE: With 1 to 5 outriggers

For Wind Analysis (TS-WX Series):

• TS-WN: No outriggers

• TS-WA to TS-WE: With 1 to 5 outriggers

5. Key Results and Graphical Insights

• Displacement Reduction: Maximum displacement in both X and Y directions decreases with an increasing number of outriggers.

• Base Shear: Outriggers help optimize base shear distribution by providing better lateral load sharing.

• Time Period: Decreases as more outriggers are added, indicating increased structural stiffness.

Graphs (Fig. 5 to Fig. 14) illustrate how wall outriggers significantly improve performance in all parameters under both wind and seismic loading.

Conclusion

The conclusion can be pointed out are as follows:- 1) Maximum Displacement in X direction a. In case of Maximum displacement in X direction, there has a cumulative percentage decrease obtained with a value of 3.94% when using multiple outriggers under seismic effects and 4.44% cumulative percentage decrease under wind effects. b. There has a percentage rise in maximum displacement in X direction observed from seismic to wind forces. 2) Maximum Displacement in Y direction a. In case of Maximum displacement in Y direction, there has a cumulative percentage decrease obtained with a value of 6.35% when using multiple outriggers under seismic effects and 6.82% cumulative percentage decrease under wind effects. b. There has a percentage rise in maximum displacement in Y direction observed from seismic to wind forces. 3) Base Shear in X direction a. In case of Base Shear in X direction, there has a cumulative percentage increase obtained with a value of 0.73% when using multiple outriggers under seismic effects and no change in cumulative percentage under wind effects with same values. b. There has a percentage rise in Base Shear in X direction observed from seismic to wind forces. 4) Base Shear in Y direction a. In case of Base Shear in Y direction, there has a cumulative percentage increase obtained with a value of 0.73% when using multiple outriggers under seismic effects and no change in cumulative percentage under wind effects with same values. b. There has a percentage rise in Base Shear in Y direction observed from seismic to wind forces. 5) Fundamental Time Period a. In case of Fundamental Time Period for entire structures, there has a cumulative percentage decrease obtained with a value of 3.51% when using multiple outriggers under seismic effects and 3.48% decrease in cumulative percentage under wind effects. b. There has a percentage fall in Fundamental Time Period for entire structures observed from seismic to wind forces. Observing all the parameters, after the application of outrigger wall provided at different stories in tall structures, it has proved that the lateral forces resistance is more and depends on the usage. It has also observed that the wind forces and its effect is very high as compared to seismic forces. The use of multiple outriggers has observed to be a best approach as efficiency and stability of the structure increases accordingly and should be recommended when this type of stability enhancing system in tall structure will be provided.

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Copyright © 2025 Sagar Jain, Dr. Savita Maru. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.