Effective Performance Estimation of ROF-Based Hybrid WDM Passive Optical Network

Abstract

Multimedia comunication is an imperative component of existence.There are numerous broadband interfaces in place, such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) offer high speeds up to a few Giga bits per second (Gb/s), but they are insufficient for offering extremely hugely powerful networks, are necessary to, and handle bandwidth-hungry applications and radically rising number of users. A promising method for offering exceptionally large capacities with minimal transmission loss is through the utilisation of optical fibre. The aptitude to transmit over long distances exclusive of the use of a repeater, imperviousness to electromagnetic interference, and portability due to its modest weight are auxiliary reimbursement.InFiber to the home (FTTH) centralised sends data to the ultimate customer across an all-optical network.The Radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology, fosters combining optical networks Highlighting the problems encountered with previous wireless networks is countless applications of optical fibre in telecommunications. RoF techniques are used for transmitting data from the centralised station to the remote antenna unit(RAU), and exchange of data across the end users and the RAU is accomplished using wireless connection. This paper presents many techniques to restoring heterogeneous wireless standards and assesses them allIn conjunction with of cost, consumption of energy, transmission performance, and feasibility. Wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) multiplexing techniques will modelled with simulation software to resolve concern of a large number of users, and the operation of each method will be described with respect to of required power, bit error rate (BER), constellation analyzer, eye diagram analyzer, and RF analyzers.Furthermore, there are other modern modulation techniques like quadrature amplitude modulation.

Introduction

Introduction and Background

Before the rise of the internet, communication relied heavily on speech transmission. The adoption of light, particularly via optical fibre, has transformed the telecommunications sector. As the demand for high-speed data (e.g., 4K video, gaming, conferencing) grows, traditional coaxial cables have reached their bandwidth limitations, prompting a shift to optical access frameworks. Optical fibre offers vast bandwidth and transmission over long distances, making it ideal for modern communication needs.

In urban or hard-to-wire regions, Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) technology is used to integrate wireless networks with fibre infrastructure. RoF works by modulating RF signals onto light, transmitting them through optical fibres, and then converting them back to RF at the receiver. Early RoF systems were designed for GSM networks and aimed to simplify central office operations. Modern RoF now supports advanced functions like mobility, frequency conversion, and modulation.

The use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) further boosts capacity by transmitting multiple data streams over different wavelengths on a single fibre. This allows bidirectional and multi-user communication, essential for smart cities and future communication needs.

Problem Statement

The growing need for high-speed, scalable, and low-error communication in smart cities demands advanced network architectures. RoF, integrated with WDM and Passive Optical Networks (PON), is seen as a promising solution. However, despite its advantages, RoF has not been widely adopted. Prior studies focused on network layout, modulation techniques, and performance metrics using simulation tools like OptiSystem, often using parameters like Bit Error Rate (BER), Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR), and constellation mapping.

Objectives

This research aims to:

1. Evaluate RoF transport techniques based on BER and Q-factor to determine multi-user support capabilities.

2. Model a WDM system to support 8 users simultaneously, analyzing how fibre length and channel spacing affect performance.

3. Compare RoF methods regarding complexity, power needs, and component usage.

Methodology

The project is based on:

• Studying RoF and multiplexing techniques like TDM and WDM.

• Simulating different modulation schemes (e.g., 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, DQPSK) in OptiSystem.

• Assessing system performance using tools like RF spectrum analyzers, WDM analyzers, and BER meters.

• Exploring how fibre length and modulation affect the overall system.

Thesis Layout

1. Chapter 1 – Introduces RoF technology, background, objectives, and scope.

2. Chapter 2 – Discusses RF modelling and modulation techniques.

3. Chapter 3 – Details system architecture including WDM, receiver/transmitter design, and component specifications.

4. Chapter 4 – Presents simulation setup and results.

5. Chapter 5 – Summarizes findings, compares with current models, and draws conclusions.

Conclusion

A. Conclusion The optimal RoF system founded on WDM technology in this study is proposed with the aim of enhancing the transmission range, capacity, and user number.Basics of both traditional and more contemporary wireless technologies are discussed, and the flaws in the current system are also looked at. In ability for a significant amount of people to have access to a developed system, it is absolutely necessary that the ability to utilize high data rates, capacity, and long-distance communication, based on initial assessment. current-generation tools, investigated with a numeral of advantages,flexibility, cost, and low error ratio. Also, the projected paradigm for linking the WDM technology well with RoF system is looked at, as well as the WDM technology itself. According to the study, the suggested WDM-RoF system is a good choice for providing customers with long-distance connectivity, high data speeds, and an easier-to-use model.RF waves are transmitted by the RoF system using an optical carrier, and they are converted back to RF at the receiver end. Method of this communication lowers system complexity while increasing bandwidth and transmission range. This thesis also looks into the issue of wireless installations and optical transmission systems being unable to function over long distances.The best technique to maximise performance improvements while reducing drawbacks like polarisation and dispersion. Long-distance data transfer employing the most recent wireless connection technologies, users can receive HD videos. according to research from prior chapters. It is clearly found that the typical framework for communication is often a more complex system since it involves a significant amount of DAC and ADC conversion. In contrast, The WDM-RoF telecommunications system\'s primary objective is to transmit.Now compared to the current long distance communication framework, the WDM-RoF set of communication is many times more favorable. Existing wired and wireless communication networks have been found to require strengthening In order to increase the network\'s capability in regard to data rate and bandwidth, and to lower the load of losses, and range. It is demonstrated how the system will use an optical connection to transfer radio frequency signal Modern single mode fibres are used to transport high data rate waves via a single fibre. Most advanced single mode fibre allows for the transmission of high data rate throughout a single fibre. Each employed component in the model is mathematically explored in full, including its underlying structure and list of parameters. Also, the performance can be assessed with the aid of these installed components. According to the model\'s structure, each parameter is composed of a variety of elements that can be altered according to how effectively the system functions. Only HD videos and long-distance transmission are possible with the existing wireless communication technology, according to analytical and experimental studies.For customers to have access to bandwidth-hungry gadgets and lengthy transmission distances, wireless technology must be improved.As a result, this study work develops a novel communication process known as the WDM-RoF framework. Its major objective is to give RF signals an optical path in order to strengthen the signals that are already being propagated. In this thesis, the suggested strategy is conceptually and analytically examined to demonstrate its effectiveness in contrast to the existing gearbox system.Then, both the analytical model and a simulation model are used to thoroughly investigate the simulation results.Findings demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of successfully addressing dispersion losses in long-haul transmission..BER<10?13is shown by the result of this model, which is significantly lower than the BER of the traditional model of communication.Progressive modulation It is evident that QAM modulation outperforms OFDM when QAM and OFDM are compared and analysed for transmitting RF signals. Several more factors, including transmission In relation to the given model, Refractive index, effective area, fibre length, input power, and received power as well as many modulation methods are looked at. These findings demonstrate that the RoF communication model produces the lowest performance, as indicated in the model\'s graphical depiction, when the system\'s flaws are not addressed. B. FutureWork To transfer radio signals to access points whilst employing the optical domain is the aim of the improved RoF communication system established in this research. This method overcomes the current issue of excessive demand for radio transmission services and provides ample room for researchers to continue working on it and expand the system\'s capacity in the near future. For varied users, a variety of optical fibre installation methods will soon be accessible. Researchers can enhance propagation path for the future as long as users have a strong need for transmitting radio signal.

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