Authors: Lohit Kumar Mahanta, Abhijit Mangaraj, Surajit Pattnaik
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45786
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Coconut shell as aggregate in concrete production not only solves the problem of disposing this solid waste but also helps conserve natural resources. In this paper, the physical properties of crushed coconut shell aggregate were presented. The fresh concrete properties such as density and 28-days compressive strength of a lightweight concrete made with coconut shell as coarse aggregate also presented. The findings indicated that water absorption of the coconut shell aggregate was high about 24 % but the crushing value and impact value was comparable to that of other lightweight aggregates. The average fresh concrete density and 28-day cube compressive strength of the concrete using coconut shell aggregate were 1975 kg/m3 and 19.1 N/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that crushed coconut shells are suitable when it is used as substitute for conventional aggregates in lightweight concrete production.
I. INTRODUCTION
Normal concrete contains four components, cement, crushed stone, river sand and water. The crushed stone and sand are the components that are usually replaced with lightweight aggregates. Lightweight concrete is typically made by incorporating natural or synthetic light weight aggregates or by entraining air into a concrete mixture. Some of the lightweight aggregates used for lightweight concrete productions are pumice, perlite, expanded clay or vermiculite, coal slag, sintered fly ash, rice husk, straw, sawdust, cork granules, wheat husk, oil palm shell, and coconut shell. Following a rapid growth in population, the amount and type of waste materials have increased accordingly creating environmental problems. Different alternative waste materials and industrial by products such as fly ash, bottom ash, recycled aggregates, foundry sand, china clay sand, crumb rubber etc were replaced with natural aggregates.
A. Problem Statement
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Kulkarni P. Vishwas and Gaikwad Sanjay kumar B. (2013) have made a comparative study on coconut shell aggregate with conventional concrete and concluded that coconut shell aggregate concrete has a low modulus of elasticity.
Shelke et al; (2014) have reviewed coconut shell as partial replacement for coarse aggregate and they made the following inference that the increase in percentage of coconut shell decreased with density of concrete. With the increase in the percentage of coconut shell, the strength of 7 days curing increased with the corresponding 28 days curing strength.
Coconut shell is most suitable and compatible with the cement. The 28 days air dry density of coconut shell aggregates is less than 2000 kg/m3 and this is within the structural light weight concrete. Coconut shell aggregates satisfies the requirements of ASTM C 330.
Kambli Parag S. and Mathapati Sandhya R. (2014) have studied the application of coconut shell in concrete and arrived at the following conclusions i.e. coconut shell has potential as light weight aggregate in concrete. It can be used where conventional aggregates are costly.
Rao et al; (2015) have studied the strength properties of coconut shell concrete and arrived at the following conclusions that addition of coconut shell aggregate alone decreases the workability of concrete. Increase in coconut shell percentage decreased densities of concrete.
Presently in India, about 960 million tones of solid wastes are being generated annually as by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. Of this 350 million tonnes are organic wastes from agricultural sources; 290 million tones are inorganic waste of industrial and mining sectors. However, it is reported that about 600 MT of wastes have been generated in India from agricultural sources alone.
III. SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of this work is limited to the following:
IV. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this research is to investigate the use of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete, through:
V. MATERIALS USED
A. Coconut Shell
Coconut shell is one of the by-products from the processing of coconut, it is organic in nature and similar to hard woods in chemical composition though lign in content is higher and cellulose content is lower
Table 5.1 . COCONUT SHELL COMPOUND
COCONUT SHELL COMPOUND |
|
COMPOUND |
PERCENT (%) |
CELLULOSE |
33.61 |
LIGNIN |
36.51 |
PENTOSANS |
29.27 |
ASH |
0.61 |
VI. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
A. Soundness of Cement Test
The soundness test for the brand of ordinary Portland cement used was conducted using the „Le Chatelier? method of measuring expansion in accordance to NIS 447(2003) and BS 4550 (1978). The results of the soundness tests are presented in table.
Table 3.1: Soundness test results of ordinary Portland cement used.
OPC samples |
Average Expansion (mm) |
Total average Expansion |
Specimen A |
4.80 |
4.78 |
Specimen B |
4.75 |
|
Specimen C |
4.80 |
B. Fineness Test of the OPC used
The test was carried out in accordance with BS 12 (1991) and NIS 448, (2003). The test results are presented in table
Table 6.2. The test was performed using the Blaine air permeability
OPC Samples |
Specific surface area |
Average Specific surface |
|
||
Sample A |
658 |
658 |
Sample B |
659 |
|
Sample C |
657 |
C. Initial and Final setting time for the OPC used
Samples Of OPC |
Average initial setting time |
Overall average initial setting time (mins) |
Average final setting time |
Overall average initial setting time (mins) |
Sample |
1hr. 42mins |
1hr.45mins |
3hrs. 02mins |
3hrs.05mins |
Sample |
1hr. 45mins |
3hrs. 08mins |
||
Sample |
1hr. 48 mins |
3hrs.05mins |
D. Chemical Composition test of the OPC used.
Table 6.4. Composition of cement
Sl/no |
Oxide composition |
Percentage of oxide composition |
1. |
CaO |
65.22 |
2. |
SiO2 |
21.55 |
3. |
Al2O3 |
5.28 |
4. |
Fe2O3 |
3.95 |
5. |
MgO |
1.85 |
6. |
SO3 |
1.50 |
7. |
Loss of Ignition |
1.44 |
8. |
Insoluble residue |
0.65 |
|
TOTAL |
100.00 |
E. Coconut shell Aggregate Impact Value
VIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Copyright © 2022 Lohit Kumar Mahanta, Abhijit Mangaraj, Surajit Pattnaik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET45786
Publish Date : 2022-07-19
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here