Formulation Development of Effervescent Tablet

Abstract

Oral lozenge for ms are the most popular way of taking drugs, despite having some disadvantages compared with different ways like peril of sluggish immersion of the cure, which may be conquered through administering the medicine in liquid shape, thus, in all liability permitting the use of a lower lozenge. Still, the insecurity of numerous capsules in liquid gel shape limits its use. Bouncy approach may be used as change to broaden a lozenge shape that can accelerate medicine decomposition and dissolution, is typically enforced in short-launch medications. Along with the enhancement of new pharmaceutical approach, washing tablets are redundant and redundant considerably to acclimate the get of medicine launch, similar as in sustained and managed launch medications, progressive medicine shipping systems, and so on. This assessment proven the brand-new timber use of washing approach in washing tablets.

Introduction

• Definition: A critical phase in drug development ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products.

• Purpose: Links drug discovery to a commercial product by creating patient-centric dosage forms.

• Importance:

  • Ensures stability, efficacy, and safety of drugs.

  • Affects patentability, market success, and regulatory approval.

  • Essential for customizing formulations to patient needs, especially for novel drug delivery systems.

II. Effervescent Tablets

Effervescent tablets are an advanced dosage form that dissolves rapidly in water, offering several benefits over conventional tablets.

A. Key Advantages

1. Faster absorption and action.

2. Better taste and gastrointestinal tolerance.

3. Increased fluid intake—useful during dehydration.

4. Easy alternative for people who have difficulty swallowing.

5. Simple dosing—uniform mixing and pleasant taste.

6. Improved patient compliance, especially in the elderly or ill.

B. Disadvantages

1. Require larger tablet size and special packaging.

2. More expensive to produce (costly excipients, facilities).

3. Some actives may taste unpleasant, needing masking.

III. Mechanism of Effervescence

Three-step process:

1. Dissolution: Tablet dissolves in water.

2. Reaction: Acid (e.g., citric acid) reacts with base (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), producing CO?.

3. Effervescence: CO? bubbles create fizzing, dispersing the active uniformly.

IV. Key Formulation Components

• CO?-generating agents: Sodium bicarbonate, citric/tartaric/malic acid.

• Binders: PVP K-30.

• Lubricants: PEG, sodium benzoate.

• Diluents & Plasticizers: Modify release and tablet integrity.

• Excipients: Sweeteners, colorants, disintegrants, surfactants.

V. Formulation Methodologies

Effervescent tablets can be prepared using different granulation methods:

A. Wet Granulation

• Most common.

• Involves binder solutions and drying steps to form stable granules.

B. Dry Granulation

• Uses compression without heat/solvents (slugging or roller compaction).

• Suitable for moisture/heat-sensitive drugs.

C. Melt Granulation

• Uses meltable binders at low temperatures (~60°C).

• Creates granules that solidify upon cooling.

VI. Evaluation of Effervescent Tablets

Standard quality control tests to ensure consistency and performance:

1. Weight Variation – Ensures dosage uniformity.

2. Content Uniformity – Measured by UV spectrophotometry.

3. Friability Test – Assesses tablet resistance to abrasion.

4. Hardness Test – Measures crushing strength.

5. Disintegration Test – Measures time to fully disperse in liquid.

6. Dissolution Test – Determines drug release rate and extent in solution.

VII. Labelling & Packaging

• Ensures safety, compliance, and identification.

• Must include:

  • Product name, active ingredients, warnings, directions, expiry & manufacturing dates.

• Packaging protects against moisture, light, and contamination—critical for effervescent formulations.

Conclusion

Effervescence is described because the evolution of fueloline bubbles from a liquid as a end result of chemical reaction. For medicinal use, bubbling pills have specific Traits that permit fast adsorption of the supposed drug. In this manner, medication may be absorbed without problems and successfully if it dissolves without problems in water and Is gift at a enough dose. Common acids applied for bubbling reactions are citric, malic, tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids. Citric acid is maximum generally used for this application, which Additionally provides a citrus like flavour to the products. Tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids are Commonly utilized in small amounts, because of their low water solubility. We can finish that bubbling pills are used to simplify the dealing with of doses, Offer most excellent compatibility, sell advanced and fast absorption, boom a Patient’s liquid consumption and ward off the problem of swallowing big pills.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. Shivani Aher, Mr. Nitin M. Gawai, Ms. Priyanka Dombe, Ms. Tejasvi Virkar, Mr. Omkar Kakade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.