IOT based Solar Powered Seed Sowing Machine and Spray System

Abstract

The seed sowing machine is the main equipment of the agriculture field. It is used for seed sowing and plantation. Population increasing rapidly day by day, therefore, it is necessary to meet the food demands hence it has to be developed seed sowing machine. Traditional method consumes more power as well as time with less efficiency. Labor availability becomes a major problem for farmers. This machine requires less man power as well as overall cost. So it is important to develop more efficient methods. Application of non-conventional energy is the only another option to fulfill demands. In this paper, the development of solar-powered seed sowing machine is mentioned.

Introduction

The Seed Sowing Machine is an agricultural innovation designed to automate the process of planting seeds at specific depths and intervals, improving efficiency, accuracy, and reducing labor and time costs. This technology aims to replace traditional manual methods, such as hand broadcasting and furrow plowing, which are time-consuming and inconsistent.

Key Objectives:

• Automate seed sowing with uniform spacing and depth.

• Save time, labor, and increase farming efficiency.

• Address the growing demand for food due to population growth.

Literature Survey Highlights:

• Ayesha Akhtar et al.: Reviewed seed sowing innovations for optimal seed placement.

• R. Joshua et al.: Proposed solar-powered solutions to reduce energy demands.

• Ibukun B. Ikechukwu et al.: Designed a manual maize planter for precise sowing.

• Roshan V. Marode et al.: Emphasized modernizing agriculture with efficient methods.

System Components:

1. Chassis – Cast iron frame (22×8×36 inches).

2. Battery – 12V, 2.4A lead-acid battery for powering components.

3. Solar Panel – Converts sunlight to electricity; 20W panel used to charge the battery.

4. DC Motor – Converts electrical to mechanical energy; used to drive movement and seed feeder (Torque = 5 N-m, Speed = 30 rpm).

5. Centrifugal Pump – Submerged pump used for fertilizer spraying (Flow rate: 0.4–1 L/min).

Working Principle:

• Seed Sowing:

  • DC motors rotate the wheels and seed feeding mechanism.

  • Seeds are picked from the seed box and deposited through a pipe directly into the soil.

• Fertilizer Spraying:

  • Operated by a push-button.

  • A centrifugal pump in a fertilizer tank sprays the fertilizer through a nozzle with controlled flow.

Conclusion

This Project is with success applied for seed sowing and spraying use. Performance of the parts can be increase once it operates on a less uneven surface and potency is inflated once the height of the crops is the same and distance between pair of crops is minimum. Innovative Seed sowing instrument has additional necessities in agriculture. By using this innovative seed sowing machine, the time needed and labor price can be reduced. It is much beneficial for little scale farmers. After comparing the various methods of seed sowing and drawbacks of the traditional methods, it is concluded that this solar powered seed sowing machine can: • Maintain space between rows and controls the rate of sowing. • Control the depth of seed and losses of seeds can be reduced. • Operate various operations simultaneously. • Saves the requirement of labour hence labour cost, time and the overall energy consumption are reduced.

References

[1] Mahesh.R. Pundkar and A.K. Mahalle, “A Seed-Sowing Machine: A Review” International Journal of Engineering and Social Science, Volume3, Issue3, Pp-68-74 [2] Laukik P. Raut, Smit B. Jaiswal and Nitin Y. Mohite, “Design, development and fabrication of agricultural pesticides with weeder”, International Journal of Applied Research and Studies,2013,Volume2,Issue11,Pp-1-8 [3] D.Ramesh and H. P. Girish Kumar, “Agriculture Seed Sowing Equipments: A Review”, International Journal of Science,Engineering and Technology Research,2014,Volume3, Issue7,Pp-1987-1992 [4] PranilV.Sawalakhe,AmitWandhare,AshishSontakke, BhushanPatil,RakeshBawanwade and SaurabhKurjekar,“Solar Powered Seed Sowing Machine”, Global Journal of Advanced Research, Vol-2, Issue-4, Pp-712-717 [5] Ibukun B. Ikechukwu, AgidiGbabo and Ikechukwu C. Ugwuoke, “Design and Fabrication of a Single Row Maize Planter for Garden Use”, Journal of Advancement in Engineering and technology, 2014 Volume 1, Issue 2,Pp 1-7 [6] Roshan V Marode,Gajanan P Tayadeand Swapnil K.Agrawal,“Design and Implementation of Multi-Seed SowingMachine”,Int.J.Mech.Eng.&Rob.Res.2013,Vol.2,No.4, Pp-422-429 [7] Ayesha Akhtar, AnkitMunshi and Mohammad FuzailQaiser, “Automatic Seed Planter Punching Type”, International Journal of Emerging Technology & Research,2014,Volume1,Issue3,Pp-71-75 [8] MohdTaufikAhmad,“Development of an automated mechanical intra-row weeder for vegetable crops”.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prof. Pankaj Pandey, Md Hasnain, Jaish Anzar, Mohammad Arshad, Dhiraj Kumar, Gautam Kumar Shah, Satendra Kumar Kushwaha, Avinash Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.