IOT-Enabled Smart Protection System for Earth Current Leakage with Real-Time Monitoring, Immediate Safety Measures, and GSM Alerts

Abstract

As electrical infrastructures get more complex, the need for intelligent, responsive, forward ?looking grounding mechanisms increases. The novelty of this project is an integrated conventional earthing intelligently designed by Internet of?things enabled sensor and web based analytics that can detect the electrical hazards and automatically respond to prevent any accidental incidents. The core of the system is an Arduino controller, interfaced with a number of companion components: voltage and current sensors (PT and CT);?MEMS module; GPS Receiver; gas and flame detectors; and an LCD display for user interaction. Variable resistors are included in order both to fine-tune signal inputs and?to maximise sensor resolution. The system is designed to track energy flow, detect abnormal load performance, and segregate major faults?like current surges, leakages, or environmental hazards. If any anomaly is detected (e.g., vibration, toxic gases, ignition), the acoustic alarm sounds, and the GSM communication module transmits a?situational report. The GPS feature?improves traceability, which helps ensure prompt incidents are addressed. This means that it will dynamically disconnect the power load to reduce damage done while retaining manual control with a?user-accessible switch. This system can communicate, take action, and adapt without any human intervention, which unadulterated is creating a smarter and safer ecosystem and the whole?framework of grounded automization. Cited in areas that span from?industrial environments to homes, the system enhances electrical safety through the adoption of an advanced level of dispersed communication via IoT sensing technologies.

Introduction

The paper discusses the limitations of traditional grounding systems in modern electrical networks, particularly in urban and industrial settings, and proposes an IoT-integrated smart earthing solution. Traditional systems are passive and reactive, lacking real-time hazard detection and response capabilities. The proposed system utilizes a microcontroller-based architecture, specifically an Arduino, interfaced with various sensors such as current and potential transformers, MEMS vibrometers, gas and fire detectors, and a GPS module. This setup enables continuous monitoring of electrical and environmental parameters, allowing for immediate detection and response to anomalies like short circuits, gas leaks, excessive vibrations, or fires.

Upon detecting an anomaly, the system activates a buzzer, displays alerts on an LCD module, disconnects the load via relay circuits, and sends emergency messages with location data through a GSM module. The integration of a GPS module ensures that alerts include precise location information, facilitating prompt maintenance or emergency responses. This approach transforms traditional grounding systems into proactive, intelligent solutions capable of real-time monitoring, adaptive control, and remote fault detection.

The system's modular design allows for scalability and customization across various domains, including manufacturing units, smart homes, commercial complexes, and critical power installations. By combining embedded systems, communication technologies, and sensor analytics, the proposed framework enhances electrical safety, reduces equipment damage, and improves situational awareness and maintenance planning.

In summary, the paper presents an innovative IoT-based smart earthing system that overcomes the limitations of static grounding mechanisms by offering real-time monitoring, adaptive control, and remote fault detection, thereby contributing to the development of resilient and intelligent electrical infrastructure.

Conclusion

This project addressed an Internet of things-enabled smart earthing system that can monitor electrical and environmental parameters in real-time,?recognize anomalies and take immediate action to avoid hazardous incidents. The Arduino microcontroller alongside timely sensors (current, voltage, gas, fire and vibration) will continuously monitor the?load conditions and surrounding environment threats. GSM and GPS modules sends alerts in time and GPS allows to find the exact location quickly?for fast action on time. Another safety benefit comes from the automatic relay-based mechanism using which it isolates the load in the case of any fault?in the battery but also takes the measure that as little as possible manual intervention is required. The system was validated through a series of experimental results that?showed its effectiveness, reliability, and responsiveness for a spectrum of different tests. This confirmed the long?potential of the system as being a both strong housing or industrial safety solution with high detection accuracy and fast fault response times. Instead of simply anchoring and accumulating electrical energy from fault activity as observed in traditional passive grounding systems, the proposed model fills the void found in existing practice and paves the way for real-time awareness?leading to intelligent, self-organized electrical protection systems. This system is a step closer to achieving a safer and smarter electrical environment at?low-cost and high scalability.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Dr. Anand Kumar, David Abishek M, Dhanushraj H, Balaji V, Keerthana R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.