Over Voltage Protection for Household Equipments

Abstract

This paper identifies the development of an over voltage protection in order to avoid damage in load side. Most of home appliances are expensive also more sensitive. This may get damaged due to the instabilities in ac mains supply. It can also lead to losses in the electrical circuit. These losses lead to low power factors and wastage of so much power. The fluctuations can cause great impact to the power quality and many precious and expensive equipment may be damaged. It is therefore advisable to have a tripping mechanism to protect the load. The voltage above the rated values are caused by a sudden decrease in load in a circuit having a poor or damaged voltage regulator. The over voltage may also be caused by a damage in the circuit or loose connections in neutral wire. anything above that will be considered as over voltage. Thus, we can protect the equipment from damage. By doing this, the proposed circuit is able to protect the electrical appliance. Overvoltage events, caused by lightning strikes, power surges, or electrical faults, pose a significant threat to household electrical equipment, leading to malfunctions, reduced lifespan, or complete failure. This paper discusses various overvoltage protection techniques to safeguard home appliances, including surge protectors, voltage regulators

Introduction

The High Voltage Protection Project is designed to safeguard electrical systems and devices from damage caused by overvoltage conditions such as power surges, lightning strikes, and system faults. It aims to ensure safety, reliability, and longevity of electrical equipment by detecting and disconnecting excessive voltage, typically above 260 volts, while operating normally at 220 volts.

Ease of Use:
The project promotes user-friendly solutions like plug-and-play surge protectors and voltage stabilizers for common household appliances, requiring minimal maintenance.

Methodology:
The protection circuit uses an RC potential divider to monitor voltage. When voltage exceeds a set threshold (e.g., 250 volts), the capacitor voltage rises, triggering a DIAC and TRIAC to activate a shunt trip coil that disconnects the load, preventing damage.

Results:
Overvoltage can cause equipment malfunctions, fire hazards, and permanent damage. The project demonstrates effective detection and disconnection during voltage surges, protecting sensitive electronics and maintaining power system stability.

Hardware Implementation:
The system is built on a PCB with components connected to a shunt trip coil. It reliably operates by disconnecting power during overvoltage events and staying inactive under normal voltage conditions.

Conclusion

A new system for protecting residential loads from AC power over voltages has been proposed. The system has been designed, manufactured, and tested under overvoltage conditions. It demonstrated excellent performance when tested with a lamp load. Therefore, the system is considered effective for safeguarding home applications against supply overvoltage. The protection circuit can shield expensive electrical appliances from abnormal conditions such as voltage sags, swells, and over voltages, thereby preventing potential damage.

References

[1] Rama Mohan, P., Neeli Mallikarjuna, A., & Niteesh Kumar, K. (2020). A Novel Over Voltage and Under Voltage Protecting System for Industrial and Domestic Applications. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(10). [2] Bhosale, G., Vakhare, A., Kaystha, A. and Aher, A. (2018) Overvoltage Undervoltage Protection Electrical Equipment. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),5, 29-32 [3] EPRI Project Manager R.Schainker. System Compatibility Research Project, \"Effects of Temporaryon Residential Products, 1008540 Final Report, March 2005. [4] Manish Paul, Antara Chaudhury. Snigdha Saikia (2015).\"Hardware Implementation of Overvoltage and Under voltage Protection\", UIREEICE Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2015, ISSN(Online) 2321-2004. [5] Manish Paul, Barnali Talukdar and Banani Baishya , “Simulation of Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection in PSIM”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181, pp.1005- 1008, Vol. 3 Issue 11, November-2004.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Lokesh Sonwane, Gayatri Rakshamwar, Ruchika Borpe, Prof. D. R. Tutakne. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.